Urhulumente wase-Indonesia wayejolise ekwamkelweni kweeyunithi eziyi-2.1 yezigidi zezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini kunye neeyunithi ezingama-2,200 zezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amane ngo-2025 ngeRiphabhlikhi yoMgaqo kaMongameli wase-Indonesia onguNombolo 22 ngo-2017 malunga nesiCwangciso seSizwe saMandla Jikelele. Ngo-2019, uRhulumente wase-Indonesia wakhupha uMmiselo kaMongameli onguNombolo 55 ngowama-2019 malunga nokukhawulezisa iNkqubo yeeNqwelo zoMbane zeBhetri kuThutho eziNdleleni. Kwi-2018, ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini kuphela kwafikelela kwi-0,14% kwithagethi karhulumente ngo-2025. Olu phando luphuhlisa imodeli yenjongo yokwamkelwa kwesithuthi esingaziphathiyo. Izinto zibandakanya intlalontle, ezemali, ezobuchwephesha, kunye nemacrolevel. Uvavanyo olwenziwe kwi-Intanethi lubandakanye abaphenduli abayi-1,223. Ukulungiswa kwezinto kusetyenziselwa ukufumana umsebenzi kunye nexabiso elinokubakho lokufumana i-EM e-Indonesia. Ukuphindaphindeka kokwabelana kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo, inqanaba lokwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo, amaxabiso okuthenga, iindleko zokugcina, isantya esiphezulu, ixesha lokutshaja ibhetri, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zesikhululo sokutshaja emsebenzini, ukubakho kwamandla asekhaya asisiseko sokutshaja, imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yokuthenga, kunye nokutshaja iindleko Imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo inefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela izithuthi zombane. Ikwabonisa ukuba ithuba labantu baseIndonesia lokwamkela izithuthuthu zombane lifikelela kuma-82.90%. Ukufezekiswa kokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane e-Indonesia kufuna ukulungela izakhiwo kunye neendleko ezinokwamkelwa ngabathengi. Okokugqibela, iziphumo zolu phando zibonelela ngezindululo ezithile kurhulumente nakwamashishini ukukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia.

INTSHAYELELO

Icandelo lezoqoqosho e-Indonesia (ezothutho, ukuveliswa kombane, kunye namakhaya) ikakhulu zisebenzisa i-fuels. Ezinye zeziphumo ezibi zokuxhomekeka okuphezulu kwizibaso ze-fossil lulwabiwo olwandisiweyo lwenkxaso-mali yezibaso, iingxaki zokugcina amandla, kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okukhutshwa kwe-CO2. Ezothutho licandelo eliphambili elinegalelo kumanqanaba aphezulu e-CO2 emoyeni ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okuninzi kwezithuthi zepetroli. Olu phando lujolise kwizithuthuthu kuba i-Indonesia, njengelizwe elisaphuhlayo, inezithuthuthu ezininzi kuneemoto. Inani lezithuthuthu e-Indonesia lafikelela kwiiyunithi ezingama-120,101,047 ngo-2018 [1] kwaye ukuthengiswa kwezithuthuthu kwafikelela kwiiyunithi ezingama-6,487,460 ngo-2019 [2]. Ukuhambisa icandelo lezothutho kweminye imithombo yamandla kunganciphisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-CO2. Isisombululo esiyinyani sale ngxaki kukuphumeza izinto eziluhlaza ngokungena kwezithuthi zombane eIndonesia ezinje ngezithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo, izithuthi zombane ezixineneyo, kunye nezithuthi zombane zebhetri [3]. Itekhnoloji yezithuthi zombane ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe bebhetri obuntsha bunokubonelela ngezisombululo zothutho ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo, ezonga amandla, kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi nolondolozo [4]. Izithuthi zombane zixutyushwa ngamazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi. Kwishishini lezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi liphela, kwabakho ukukhula okubalulekileyo kwintengiso yezithuthuthu ezinamavili amabini ezafikelela kuma-58% okanye malunga ne-1.2 yezigidi zeeyunithi ukusuka ngo-2016 ukuya ku-2017. Oku kukhula kwentengiso kubonisa impendulo entle evela kumazwe ehlabathini malunga nophuhliso lombane Itekhnoloji yezithuthuthu ukuba ngenye imini, izithuthuthu zombane kulindeleke ukuba zithathe indawo yezithuthi eziphehliweyo. Into yophando sisiKhuthuthu soMbane (EM) esineYilo eNtsha yeSithuthuthu soMbane (NDEM) kunye nesiGuquli soMbane soMbane (CEM). Uhlobo lokuqala, uyilo olutsha lweSithuthuthu soMbane (NDEM), sisithuthi esenziwe yinkampani esebenzisa itekhnoloji yombane kwimisebenzi yayo. Amanye amazwe ehlabathini afana ne-Australia, i-Jamani, i-Ngilani, i-France, i-Japan, i-Taiwan, i-South Korea ne-China sele besebenzisa izithuthuthu zombane njengesixhobo semoto esithuthukisa izithuthi zezithuthuthu ezenziwe ngamafutha [5]. Olunye uphawu lwezithuthuthu zombane yiZero Motorcycle eyenza izithuthuthu zombane zemidlalo [6]. PT. IGesits Technologies Indo ikwavelise izithuthuthu ezinamavili amabini phantsi kophawu lweGesits. Uhlobo lwesibini yiCEM. Isithuthuthu esiguquliweyo sisithuthuthu esineoyile apho iinjini kunye neenjini zitshintshe zangena kwiLithium Ferro Phosphate (LFP) ibhetri njengomthombo wamandla. Nangona amazwe amaninzi evelisa isithuthuthu sombane, akukho mntu wenze isithuthi ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bokuguqula. Uguquko lunokwenziwa kwisithuthuthu esinamavili amabini esingasasetyenziswanga ngabasebenzisi baso. IUniversitas Sebelas Maret nguvulindlela ekwenzeni i-CEM kwaye ngobuchwephesha ubungqina bokuba iibhetri zeLithium-Ion zinokutshintsha imithombo yamandla e-fossil kwizithuthuthu eziqhelekileyo. I-CEM isebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-LFP, le bhetri ayiqhushumbisi xa kuvela isekethe emfutshane. Ngaphandle koko, ibhetri ye-LFP inobomi bokusetyenziswa obude ukuya kuthi ga kwimijikelezo yokusetyenziswa eyi-3000 kwaye inde kuneebhetri zangoku ze-EM zorhwebo (ezinjengeLithium-Ion Battery kunye neLiPo Battery). I-CEM inokuhamba i-55 km / ukutshaja kwaye inesantya esiphezulu ukuya kwi-70 km / ngeyure [7]. UJodinesa, et al. [8] Uvavanye isabelo sentengiso sezithuthuthu zombane eziguqulwayo eSurakarta, eIndonesia kwaye neziphumo zokuba abantu baseSurakarta baphendule kakuhle kwiCEM. Ukusuka kwinkcazo engentla, kunokubonwa ukuba ithuba lezithuthuthu zombane likhulu. Izifundo ezininzi kwimigangatho enxulumene nezithuthi zombane kunye neebhetri ziphuhlisiwe, ezinje ngomgangatho webhetri yeLithium Ion nguSutopo et al. [9], inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri esemgangathweni nguRahmawatie et al. [10], kunye nemigangatho yokutshaja kwezithuthi zombane nguSutopo et al. [11]. Izinga elicothayo lokwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane eIndonesia lenze ukuba urhulumente akhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi yokuphuhlisa ishishini lezithuthi kwaye ucwangcise ukujolisa ekwamkelweni kweeyunithi eziyi-2.1 yezigidi zezithuthuthu zombane kunye neeyunithi ezingama-2,200 zeemoto zombane ngo-2025. yayijolise naseIndonesia ukuba ikwazi ukuvelisa iimoto ezingama-2,200 zombane okanye ezixubileyo ezichazwe kwiRiphabliki yoMgaqo kaMongameli wase-Indonesia onguNombolo 22 ka-2017 ngokubhekisele kwisiCwangciso seSizwe saMandla Jikelele. Lo mmiselo usetyenziswe kumazwe ahlukeneyo anjengeFrance, iNgilani, iNorway neIndiya. ICandelo loMphathiswa wezaMandla nezeZimbiwa libekelwe into yokuba ukuqala ngonyaka ka-2040, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zangaphakathi zeNjini (ICEV) akuvumelekanga kwaye uluntu luyacelwa ukuba lusebenzise izithuthi ezisebenza ngombane [12]. Ngowama-2019 uRhulumente wase-Indonesia wakhupha uMmiselo kaMongameli onguNombolo 55 wowama-2019 malunga nokukhawulezisa iNkqubo yeeNqwelo-mafutha zoMbane eziSebenzisa iZithuthi. Le nzame linyathelo loloyiso kwiingxaki ezimbini, oko kukuthi ukupheliswa koovimba beoyile yeoyile kunye nongcoliseko lomoya. Ngokumalunga nongcoliseko lomoya, i-Indonesia izibophelele ekunciphiseni i-29% yomoya ongcolileyo ngo-2030 ngenxa yeNkomfa yoTshintsho lweMozulu eParis eyayibanjwe ngo-2015. 2025, ngelixa umbane ohamba ngeenqwelo ezine ufikelele ngaphezulu kwe-45%. NgoDisemba 2017, bekukho okungenani ngaphezulu kwe-1,300 yezikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ezikhoyo kwilizwe lonke kwizixeko ezingama-24, apho iipesenti ezingama-71 (izitishi zokugcwalisa ezingama-924) ezikwi-DKI Jakarta [13]. Amazwe amaninzi enze uphando malunga nokwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane, kodwa eIndonesia, uphando lwelizwe aluzange lwenziwe ngaphambili. Zininzi iindidi zophando kwamanye amazwe athe aqhuba izifundo ngokwamkelwa kweetekhnoloji ezintsha ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezinje ngokuhlengahlengiswa kwemigca emininzi yokwazi ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane eMalaysia [14], Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) yokwazi ukwamkelwa Izithintelo zebhetri yezithuthi zombane eTianjin, China [15], uhlalutyo lwezinto kunye nemodeli yokuguqula imeko ukwazi imiqobo phakathi kwabaqhubi bezithuthi zombane e-United Kingdom [16], kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwendlela yokwazi izinto ezichaphazela ukuthathwa kwezithuthi zombane Beijing, China [17]. Iinjongo zolu phando kukuphuhlisa imodeli yokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia, ukufumana izinto ezinempembelelo kwiinjongo zokwamkela izithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia, kunye nokuchonga amathuba emisebenzi yokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Ukumodareyitha izinto kubalulekile ukufumana ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinefuthe kwinjongo yokwamkela izithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Ezi zinto zinempembelelo zinokusetyenziswa njengesalathiso sokwenza imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane. Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo ngumfanekiso weemeko ezifanelekileyo ezinqwenelwa ngabasebenzisi bezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Abanye abaphathiswa eIndonesia abanxulumene nokwenziwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo ngokubhekisele kwizithuthi zombane nguMphathiswa Wezemveliso ojongana nemithetho yerhafu yezithuthi esekwe kwimisi yayo ejongene ngqo nabavelisi bezithuthi zombane, iSebe lezoThutho eliqhuba uvavanyo lovavanyo lwezithuthi zombane eziya kuthi vula umendo kuhola wendlela ofana novavanyo lwebhetri njalo njalo, kunye neCandelo loMphathiswa wezaMandla nezeZimbiwa elinoxanduva lokwenza uluhlu lweerhafu zeSitishi seZithuthi zoMbane kwiziseko zophuhliso lwamashishini okutshaja izithuthi zombane. Ukuveliswa ngokutsha kwezithuthi zombane kukwakhuthaza ukuzalwa kwamashishini amatsha kwishishini lokubonelela kubandakanya iiteknopreneurs kunye nokuqala kwabaphuhlisi, abathengisi, abavelisi, kunye nabasasazi bemveliso / iinkonzo zezithuthi zombane kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo kwintengiso [24]. Oosomashishini bezithuthuthu zombane banokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji kunye nentengiso ngokujonga ezi zinto zibalulekileyo ukuxhasa ukufezekiswa kwezithuthuthu zombane endaweni yezithuthuthu eziqhelekileyo eIndonesia. Ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukufumana umsebenzi kunye nexabiso elinokwenzeka lokufumana izithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia zisebenzisa isoftware ye-SPSS 25. Ukuhlengahlengiswa kwempahla okanye ukuhlengahlengiswa kwelogit yindlela yokwenza iimodeli zokuxelwa kwangaphambili. Ukuhlengahlengiswa kwempahla kumanani asetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ukubakho kwesiganeko esenzeka ngokudibanisa idatha kwilogit logit function logistic. Le ndlela iyimodeli eqhelekileyo yomgca wokuguqulwa kwe-binomial [18]. Ukulungiswa kwezinto kusetyenziselwe ukuqikelela ukwamkelwa kwe-intanethi kunye nokwamkelwa kwebhanki okuhambayo [19], ukuqikelela ukwamkelwa kobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha be-voltaic eNetherlands [20], ukuqikelela ukwamkelwa kwenkqubo yetekhnoloji yokujonga ubuchwephesha kwezempilo [21], kunye nokufumana ngaphandle kwezithintelo zobuchwephesha ezichaphazela isigqibo sokwamkela iinkonzo zefu [22]. Utami et al. [23] Owayekhe waqhuba uphando kwimibono yabathengi yezithuthi zombane eSurakarta, wafumanisa ukuba amaxabiso okuthenga, iimodeli, ukusebenza kwezithuthi, kunye nokulungela kweziseko zophuhliso zezona zithintelo zinkulu kubantu abasebenzisa izithuthi zombane. INDLELA Idatha eqokelelweyo kolu phando ziidatha eziphambili ezifunyenwe kuphando lwe-Intanethi ukufumana amathuba kunye nezinto ezinefuthe kwinjongo yokwamkela izithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Iphepha lemibuzo noVavanyo Uphando olwenziwe kwi-Intanethi lwasasazwa kwabaphenduli abayi-1,223 kumaphondo asibhozo e-Indonesia ukuze baphonononge izinto ezinefuthe kwinjongo yokwamkela izithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. La maphondo akhethiweyo ayengaphezulu kwe-80% yentengiso yezithuthuthu e-Indonesia [2]: West Java, East Java, Jakarta, Central Java, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Yogyakarta, South Sulawesi, South Sumatra naseBali. Izinto eziphononongiweyo zibonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga nezithuthuthu zombane lwabonelelwa ekuqaleni kwiphepha lemibuzo ngokusebenzisa ividiyo ukunqanda ukungaqondani. Ikhweshine yahlulwe yangamacandelo amahlanu: icandelo lokujonga, icandelo lentlalontle, icandelo lezemali, icandelo lobuchwepheshe, kunye necandelo lenqanaba lemacro. Iphepha lemibuzo laziswa kwisikali se-Likert se-1 ukuya kwi-5, apho i-1 ingavumelani kwaphela, i-2 yokungavumelani, i-3 yokuthandabuza, i-4 yokuvuma, kunye ne-5 yokuvuma kakhulu. Ukugqitywa kobuncinci besampulu yesampulu kubhekisa kuyo [25], yatsho ukuba izifundo zokujonga kunye nobukhulu babemi obubandakanya ukuhlengahlengiswa kwezinto kufuna ubuncinci besampulu yesayizi ye-500 yokufumana iinkcukacha-manani ezimele iiparameter. Isampulu yesampulu okanye isampulu yommandla ngobungakanani busetyenziswa kolu phando kuba inani labasebenzisi bezithuthuthu eIndonesia likhulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle koko, ukwenza isampulu ngenjongo kusetyenziselwa ukumisela iisampulu ngokusekwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezithile [26]. Iisaveyi ezenziwa kwi-Intanethi zenziwa ngeNtengiso kaFacebook. Abaphenduli abafanelekileyo ngabantu abaneminyaka eli-17 ukuya kweli-17 ubudala, abane-SIM C, ongomnye wabenzi bezigqibo bokutshintsha okanye ukuthenga isithuthuthu, kwaye elawulwa kwelinye lamaphondo kwiTheyibhile 1. Isakhelo sethiyori She et al. [15] kunye noHabich-Sobiegalla et al. [28] isikhokelo esisetyenzisiweyo sokwahlulahlula ngokwendlela izinto eziqhuba okanye ezithintela ukwamkelwa kwesithuthi sombane ngabathengi. Ezi nkqubo sizilungelelanisile ngokuzilungisa ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwethu loncwadi lwezithuthuthu zombane kulwamkelo lwabathengi lwezithuthuthu zombane. Sikubonile kwiTheyibhile yoku-1 ukuya ku-1 ukucaciswa kunye nokujongwa kwezinto kunye neempawu zekhowudi yeAtrtibute Ref. I-SD1 Ubume bomtshato [27], [28] Ubudala be-SD2 Ubudala be-SD3 Isini se-SD4 Imfundo yokugqibela I-SD5 yokuHlala kwabahlali I-SD6 Inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwenyanga le-SD7 Inqanaba lomvuzo wenyanga le-SD8 Inani lobunini bezithuthuthu i-SD9 Ubuninzi bokwabelana kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo I-SD10 Ubungakanani be-intanethi yenethiwekhi yoluntu I-SD11 yokwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo kwezeMali Ixabiso lokuthengwa kwe-FI1 [29] I-FI2 indleko zebhetri [30] Iindleko ze-FI3 [31] Iindleko zokulondolozwa kwe-FI4 [32] Itekhnoloji ye-TE1 Mileage capability [33] TE2 Amandla [33] TE3 Ixesha lokutshaja [33] I-TE4 Ukhuseleko [34] TE5 Ubomi bebhetri [35] Inqanaba leMacro ML1 Ukufumaneka kwesikhululo sokutshaja kwiindawo zikawonkewonke [36] ML2 Ukufumaneka kwesikhululo sokutshaja emsebenzini [15] ML3 Ukufumaneka kwesikhululo sokutshaja ekhaya [37] ML4 Indawo yokufumaneka kweenkonzo [38] ML5 Umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo wokuthenga [15] ML6 Ngonyaka Umgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo serhafu [15] ML7 Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlawula isaphulelo [15] Ukwamkelwa komntwana ngenjongo yokwamkelwa kwe-IP Injongo yokusebenzisa [15] I-Sociodemographic Factor Sociodemographic factor zizinto zobuqu ezichaphazela indlela aziphethe ngayo umntu xa esenza izigqibo. I-Eccarius okqhubekayo. [28] bachaze kwimodeli yabo yokwamkelwa ukuba ubudala, isini, imeko yomtshato, imfundo, umvuzo, umsebenzi, kunye nokuba sesithuthi zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukwamkelwa kwesithuthi sombane. IHabichSoebigalla okqhubekayo gqamisa izinto zenethiwekhi yoluntu ezinje ngenani lobunini bezithuthuthu, ukwabelana rhoqo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo, kunye nobukhulu benethiwekhi yentlalo ye-intanethi ibe zezona zinto zichaphazelayo ukwamkelwa kwemoto yombane [28]. I-Eccarius okqhubekayo. [27] kunye noHabichSobiegalla et al. [28] ikwaqwalaselwe njengokwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo kwizinto zentlalo. Ixabiso lezinto zokuThenga lixabiso lokuqala lesithuthuthu sombane ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali yokuthenga. USierzchula et al. [29] wathi ixabiso eliphezulu lokuthenga isithuthi sombane esibangelwa lelona zinga liphezulu lebhetri. Iindleko zebhetri lixabiso lokutshintsha ibhetri xa ubomi bebhetri obudala buphelile. UKrause et al. uphando lokuba iindleko zebhetri zezomqobo wezemali kumntu ukuba amkele isithuthi sombane [30]. Iindleko zokutshaja ziindleko zombane ukufaka isithuthuthu sombane kuthelekiswa neendleko zepetroli [31]. Iindleko zolondolozo ziindleko zolondolozo oluqhelekileyo lwezithuthuthu zombane, hayi ukulungiswa ngenxa yengozi echaphazela ukwamkelwa kwesithuthi sombane [32]. Itekhnoloji yeFektri yeFactor Mileage ngowona mgama mde emva kokuba ibhetri yesithuthuthu sombane igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo. UZhang okqhubekayo. [33] uthe ukusebenza kwesithuthi kubhekisa kuvavanyo lwabathengi kwisithuthi sombane kubandakanya amandla emayile, amandla, ixesha lokutshaja, ukhuseleko kunye nobomi bebhetri. Amandla sisantya esiphezulu sesithuthuthu sombane. Ixesha lokutshaja lixesha lilonke lokuhlawulisa ngokupheleleyo isithuthuthu sombane. Imvakalelo yokhuseleko xa ukhwele isithuthuthu sombane esihambelana nesandi (dB) zezinto eziqaqanjiswa nguSovacool et al. [34] zizinto ezichaphazela umbono wabathengi kwisithuthi sombane. UGraham-Rowe okqhubekayo. [35] wathi ubomi bebhetri buthathelwa ingqalelo njengothotyiweyo. Inqanaba le-Macro Iziseko zophuhliso zokutshaja kwesikhululo sento yinto engenakuphepheka kumamkeli wezithuthuthu zombane. Ukutshaja ukufumaneka kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kuthathwa kubalulekile ukuxhasa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane [36]. Ukutshaja ukufumaneka emsebenzini [15] kunye nokutshaja ukufumaneka ekhaya [37] ikwafuneka ngabathengi ukuzalisekisa ibhetri yesithuthi sabo. UKrupa et al. [38] uthe ukubakho kweendawo zonikezelo lweenkonzo zolondolozo kunye nomonakalo kuchaphazela ukwamkelwa kwesithuthi sombane. Uye wathi. [15] icebise ezinye izikhuthazo zoluntu ezifunwa kakhulu ngabathengi eTianjin njengokubonelela ngenkxaso mali yokuthenga izithuthuthu zombane, isaphulelo serhafu sonyaka kwizithuthuthu zombane, kunye nokutshaja umgaqo-nkqubo wezaphulelo xa abathengi kufuneka babize isithuthuthu sombane kwiindawo zikawonkewonke [15]. Ukunyanzeliswa kokuLungiswa okuQhelekileyo okuQhelekileyo kokuLungiswa kwezixhobo yenye yeendlela zeenkcukacha-manani ezichaza ubudlelwane phakathi kokuhluka okuxhomekekileyo kunye nokuhluka okunezinye okanye ezizimeleyo, apho umahluko oxhomekekileyo ungaphezulu kweendidi ezi-2 kwaye isikali somlinganiso sisezingeni okanye somyalelo [39]. I-Equation 1 yimodeli yokuhlengahlengiswa kwempahla kunye ne-Equation 2 ibonisa umsebenzi g (x) njenge-logit equation. i-eegxgx P x () () 1 () + = (1) = = = + mkjk Xik gx 1 0 ()   (2) IZIPHUMO NENGXOXO Iphepha lemibuzo lahanjiswa kwi-Intanethi ngoMatshi-Epreli, 2020, ngeentengiso ze-Facebook ezihlawulelweyo. ngokuseta indawo yokuhluza: I-West Java, i-East Java, iJakarta, i-Central Java, i-North Sumatra, i-West Sumatra, i-Yogyakarta, i-South Sulawesi, i-South Sumatra kunye ne-Bali efikelele kubasebenzisi abangama-21,628. Iimpendulo ezingenayo zizonke yayizimpendulo ze-1,443, kodwa kuphela iimpendulo ezili-1,223 zazinelungelo lokuqhutywa kwedatha. Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa inani labaphenduli. Iinkcukacha-manani ezichazayo Itafile yesi-3 ibonisa amanani achazayo okwahluka ngokwamanani. Ukuhlawula isaphulelo sexabiso, isaphulelo serhafu yonyaka, kunye neenkxaso-mali zexabiso lokuthenga zinomyinge ophezulu phakathi kwezinye izinto. Oku kubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabaphendulayo luthathela ingqalelo ukuba kukho umgaqo-nkqubo urhulumente awunike amandla ukuba ubakhuthaze ukuba bamkele izithuthuthu zombane. Kwimeko yezemali, ixabiso lokuthenga kunye neendleko zebhetri zinomyinge ophantsi phakathi kwezinye izinto. Oku kubonisa ukuba ixabiso lokuthenga isithuthuthu sombane kunye neendleko zebhetri azifanelekanga kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwabaninzi abaphendulayo. Uninzi lwabaphendulayo luqwalasele ixabiso lesithuthuthu sombane ebiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lesithuthuthu esiqhelekileyo. Ixabiso lokutshintsha ibhetri rhoqo kwiminyaka emithathu efikelela kwi-IDR ye-5, 000,000 ikwabiza kakhulu kwi-fot uninzi lwabaphenduli ukuze ixabiso lokuthenga kunye neendleko zebhetri zibe ngumqobo kwi-Indonesia ukuba yamkele izithuthuthu zombane. Ubomi bebhetri, amandla, ixesha lokutshaja linamanqaku aphakathi aphakathi kumanani achazayo kodwa amanqaku aphakathi kwezi zinto zintathu angaphezulu kwe-4. Ixesha lokutshaja elithathe iiyure ezintathu lalilide kakhulu kubaphenduli abaninzi. Esona santya siphezulu sesithuthuthu sombane yi-70 km / h kwaye iminyaka emi-3 yobomi bebhetri ayifezekiswanga iimfuno zabaphenduli. Oku kubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabaphenduli luthatha intsebenzo yezithuthuthu zombane azifezekiswa kwimigangatho yazo. Abaphenduli abangaxhomekekanga ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni kwezithuthuthu zombane, i-EM inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zemihla ngemihla. Abaphenduli abaninzi banike amanqaku amaninzi ekufumaneni ukutshaja kumakhaya abo nakwiiofisi kunakwindawo zoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, isithintelo esihlala sifunyanwa kukuba amandla ombane wasekhaya asephantsi kwe-1300 VA, okwenza abaphenduli balindele ngamandla ukuba urhulumente akwazi ukunceda ukubonelela ngezixhobo zokutshaja ekhaya. Ukufumaneka kokutshaja eofisini kukhethwa ngakumbi kunakwindawo zikawonke-wonke kuba ukuhamba kwabaphenduli yonke imihla kubandakanya amakhaya kunye neofisi. Itheyibhile 4 ibonisa iimpendulo zabaphenduli ekwamkelweni kwezithuthuthu zombane. Ibonisa ukuba i-45,626% yabaphenduli bazimisele ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane. Esi siphumo sibonisa ikamva eliqaqambileyo lezabelo zentengiso yezithuthuthu zombane. Itheyibhile 4 ikwabonisa ukuba phantse iipesenti ezingama-55 zabaphenduliyo abazimiselanga kwaphela ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane. Iziphumo ezinomdla ezivela kwezi nkcukacha-manani zichazayo zithetha ukuba nangona umdla wokusebenzisa izithuthuthu zombane usafuna ukuvuselelwa, ukwamkelwa esidlangalaleni kwezithuthuthu zombane kulungile. Esinye isizathu esinokubakho kukuba abaphenduli banesimo sengqondo sokulinda babone ukwamkelwa kwesithuthuthu sombane okanye nokuba omnye umntu usebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane okanye hayi. Idatha yokuLungiswa kokuLungiswa okuQhelekileyo yinkqubo kunye nohlalutyo ukumisela injongo yokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia zisebenzisa ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yokuhlengahlengiswa. Umahluko oxhomekekileyo kolu phando kukulungela ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane (1: ukungathandi ngamandla, 2: ukungathandi, 3: ukuthandabuza, 4: ukuvuma, 5: ukuvuma ngamandla). Ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto ezisisiqhelo kukhethwe njengeyona ndlela kolu phando kuba umahluko oxhomekekileyo usebenzisa isikali se-odinal. Idatha yacutshungulwa kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS 25 ngenqanaba lokuzithemba le-95%. Uvavanyo lweMulticollinearity lwenziwe ukubala i-Variance inflation Factors (VIF) nge-avareji ye-VIF ye-1.15- 3.693, okuthetha ukuba akukho manyano kwimodeli. I-hypothesis esetyenzisiweyo kulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yokuhlengahlengiswa ibonakalisiwe kwiTheyibhile 5. Itheyibhile 6 ibonisa iziphumo zovavanyo oluyinxalenye yokuba sisiseko sokwala okanye ukwamkela i-hypothesis yenkqubo yokuhlengahlengiswa kwezinto. Itheyibhile 2. Amanani abantu abaphendulweyo kubemi bento Freq% Inani labemi Freq% Indawo yokuhlala eNtshona Java 345 28.2% Umsebenzi wabafundi 175 14.3% East Java 162 13.2% Abasebenzi bakarhulumente 88 7.2% Jakarta 192 15.7% Abasebenzi babucala 415 33.9% Central Java 242 19.8% 380 31.1% North Sumatera 74 6.1% Abanye 165 13.5% Yogyakarta 61 5.0% South Sulawesi 36 2.9% Age 17-30 655 53.6% Bali 34 2.8% 31-45 486 39.7% West Sumatera 26 2.1% 46-60 79 6.5% eMzantsi ISumatera 51 4.2%> 60 3 0.2% Ubume bomtshato Ongatshatanga 370 30.3% Inqanaba lokugqibela leMfundo SMP / SMA / SMK 701 57.3% Batshatile 844 69.0% Idiploma 127 10.4% Abanye 9 0.7% Isidanga 316 25.8% Isini Indoda 630 51.5% Master 68 5.6 % Abafazi 593 48.5% Ugqirha 11 0.9% Inqanaba lomvuzo wenyanga 0 154 12.6% Inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwenyanga <IDR 2,000,000 432 35.3% <IDR 2,000,000 226 18.5% IDR2,000,000-5,999,999 640 52.3% IDR 2,000,000-5,999,999 550 45% IDR6,000,000- 9,999,999 121 9.9% IDR 6,000,000-9,999,999 199 16.3% ≥ IDR 10,000,000 30 2.5% IDR10,000,000- 19,999,999 71 5.8% ≥ Mna I-DR 20,000,000 23 1,9% Itheyibhile 3. Iinkcukacha-manani ezichazayo zezeMali, iTekhnoloji, kunye nenqanaba leMacro eliguqukayo Umgangatho ophakathi oGuqukayo kwiNqanaba ML7 (ukubiza idiski yeendleko.) 4.4563 1 ML3 (CS ekhaya) 4.1554 9 ML6 (idiski yerhafu yonyaka. 4.4301 2 ML2 (CS kwiindawo zokusebenza) 4.1055 10 ML5 (inkuthazo yokuthenga) 4.4146 3 ML1 (CS kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke) 4.0965 11 TE4 (ukhuseleko) 4.3181 4 TE5 (ubomi bebhetri) 4.0924 12 FI3 (iindleko zokutshaja) 4.2518 5 TE2 (amandla 4.0597 13 TE1 (amandla e-mileage) 4.2396 6 TE3 (ixesha lokutshaja) 4.0303 14 ML4 (indawo yenkonzo) 4.2142 7 FI1 (iindleko zokuthenga) 3.8814 15 FI4 (iindleko zokugcina) 4.1980 8 FI2 (iindleko zebhetri) 3.5045 16 Itheyibhile 4. Iinkcukacha-manani ezichazayo Ukulungiselela ukwamkelwa kwabafundi ngokwenjongo 1: ukungathandi kwaphela 2: ukungathandi 3: ukuthandabuza 4: ukuvuma 5: Ukulungela ngamandla ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane 0.327% 2.044% 15.863% 36.141% 45.626% iimeko zentlalo zibonisa iziphumo ezibonisa kuphela amaxesha okwabelana ngawo imithombo yeendaba kwezentlalo (SD9) kunye nenqanaba lokuxhalaba kokusingqongileyo (SD11) zinefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokwahluka komgangatho wobume bomtshato zii-0.622 zabangatshatanga kunye ne-0.801 yabatshatileyo. La maxabiso awayixhasi iHypothesis 1. Ubume bomtshato abunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane kuba ixabiso elibalulekileyo lingaphezulu kwe-0.05. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lobudala li-0.147 ukuze iminyaka ingabinampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo lobudala be -0.168 ayixhasi iHypothesis 2. Uphawu olubi luthetha ukuba ngaphezulu kobudala, isezantsi injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokwahluka komgangatho, isini, (0.385) ayixhasi iHypothesis 3. Isini asiyichaphazeli injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo kwinqanaba lokugqibela lemfundo (0.603) ayixhasi iHypothesis 4. Ke, imfundo yokugqibela ayinampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo kwinqanaba lemfundo lokugqibela lika-0.036 lithetha ukuba uphawu oluchazayo luthetha ukuba inqanaba eliphezulu lemfundo liphezulu ngenjongo yokufumana isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokwahluka komgangatho womsebenzi yayiyi-0.487 yabafundi, i-0.999 yabasebenzi bakarhulumente, i-0.600 yabasebenzi babucala, kunye ne-0.480 yoosomashishini abangayixhasiyo iHypothesis 5. Umsebenzi awunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. UTAMI ET AL. / IPHEPHA LOKWENZIWA KWENKQUBO KWENKQUBO KWIMICIMBI - VOL. 19 HAYI. I-1 (2020) 70-81 INGXELO: 10.25077 / josi.v19.n1.p70-81.2020 Utami et al. Ithebhile 75 5. I-Hypothesis Hypothesis ye-Socio- H1: imeko yomtshato inefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Isimo-i-H2: ubudala bunefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. umzobo H3: isini sinesiphumo esifanelekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H4: inqanaba lokugqibela lemfundo linefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H5: umsebenzi unefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H6: inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwenyanga linempembelelo ebonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H7: Inqanaba lomvuzo lenyanga linefuthe elihle kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H8: inani lobunini bezithuthuthu linefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H9: Ukuhamba rhoqo kokwabelana kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo kunefuthe elihle kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H10: ubungakanani benethiwekhi yokuncokola kwi-Intanethi inefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H11: ukwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo kunefuthe elihle kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H12 yezeMali: Ixabiso lokuthenga linefuthe elihle kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H13: indleko zebhetri inefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H14: ukutshaja indleko kunefuthe elihle kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. H15: iindleko zolondolozo zinefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H16: amandla e-mileage anefuthe elihle kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H17: amandla anefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-Techno- H18: ixesha lokutshaja linefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. u-H19 onengqiqo: ukhuseleko lunefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H20: Ubomi bebhetri bunefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. H21: ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zesitishi sokutshaja kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kunefuthe elihle kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. H22: ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zesitishi sokutshaja emsebenzini kunefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. IMacrolevel H23: ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zesitishi sokutshaja ekhaya kunefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H24: ukufumaneka kweendawo zonikezelo kunefuthe elihle kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. H25: Inkqubo yenkuthazo yokuthenga inefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H26: Umgaqo-nkqubo wonyaka wesaphulelo serhafu unefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. I-H27: ukutshaja umgaqo-nkqubo wezaphulelo unefuthe elihle kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Itheyibhile 6. UkuLungiswa koPhuculo lweZiphumo zoVavanyo lweVar Value Sig Var Value Sig SD1: single 0.349 0.622 TE1 0.146 0.069 SD1: married 0.173 0.801 TE2 0.167 0.726 SD1: others 0 TE3 0.240 0.161 SD2 -0.168 0.147 TE4 -0,005 0.013 * SD3: male 0.117 0.385 TE5 0,068 0.765 SD3: ababhinqileyo 0 ML1 -0.127 0.022 * SD5: abafundi -0.195 0.487 ML2 0.309 0.000 * SD5: civ. inkonzo 0,0000 0.999 ML3 0.253 0.355 SD5: priv. emp -0.110 0.6 ML4 0.134 0.109 SD5: entrepr 0.147 0.48 ML5 0.301 0.017 * SD5: abanye 0 ML6 -0.059 0.107 SD6 0.227 0.069 ML7 0.521 0.052 SD7 0.032 0.726 TE1 0.146 0.004 * SD8 0.180 0.161 TE2 0.167 0.962 SD9 0.111 0.013 040 0 0 0 0 0 0 I-SD10 0.016 0.765 TE4 -0.005 0.254 SD11 0.226 0.022 * TE5 0.068 0.007 * FI1 0.348 0.000 * ML1 -0.127 0.009 * FI2 -0.069 0.355 ML2 0.309 0.181 FI3 0.136 0.109 ML3 0.253 0.017 * FI4 0.193 0.117 0L 0 0.193 0.017 ML Inqanaba lokuzithemba Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lenqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwenyanga (0.069) ayixhasi iHypothesis 6, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwenyanga alichaphazeli injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso eliqikelelwayo lenqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwenyanga lika-0.227, uphawu oluchazayo luthetha ukuba inqanaba eliphezulu leendleko zenyanga liphezulu injongo yokufumana isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lenqanaba lomvuzo wenyanga (0.726) alixhasi iHypothesis 7, inqanaba lomvuzo lenyanga alichaphazeli injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo kumgangatho wengeniso yenyanga ngu-0,032, uphawu oluchazayo luthetha ukuba inqanaba lomvuzo wenyanga eliye lenyuka linyusa injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lenani lobunini bezithuthuthu (i-0.161) alixhasi i-Hypothesis 8, inani lobunini bezithuthuthu alichaphazeli injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo kumgangatho wobunini bezithuthuthu ngu-0.180, uphawu oluqinisekileyo luthetha inani elininzi lezithuthuthu ezinazo, inyusa injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokuphindaphindeka kokwabelana kwimidiya yoluntu (0.013) ixhasa iHypothesis 9, ukuphindaphindeka kokwabelana kwimidiya yoluntu kunesiphumo esibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane kuba ixabiso elibalulekileyo lingaphantsi kwe-0.05. UTAMI ET AL. / I-OPTIMASI SISTEM INDUSTRI YOMTHETHO-VOL. 19 HAYI. 1 (2020) 70-81 76 Utami okqhubekayo. I-DOI: 10.25077 / josi.v19.n1.p70-81.2020 Ixabiso loqikelelo lokwabelana rhoqo kumajelo eendaba loluntu yi-0.111, uphawu oluqinisekileyo luthetha ukuba ukuphakama kwamaxesha okwabelana nomntu kwimidiya yoluntu, kokukhona liphezulu ithuba lokwamkelwa kombane isithuthuthu. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lobungakanani benethiwekhi yentanethi ye-intanethi (0.765) ayixhasi iHypothesis 10, ubungakanani bokufikelela kwenethiwekhi yezentlalo ayinampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu. Ixabiso loqikelelo lwenani labantu abafikelelwe kwinethiwekhi yoluntu yi-0,016, uphawu oluqinisekileyo luthetha ukuba ubungakanani obuphezulu benethiwekhi yemithombo yeendaba kuphakama injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo kwinqanaba lolwazi lokusingqongileyo (i-0.022) ixhasa iHypothesis 11, inqanaba lokuxhalaba kwendalo linempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo kwinqanaba lolwazi lokusingqongileyo ngu-0,226, uphawu olululo luthetha ukuba ukuphakama kwenqanaba lokuxhalaba kwendalo umntu anako, kuya kuphakama injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Iziphumo zohlalutyo lokuhlengahlengiswa kwezinto kwiinguqulelo ze-FI1 ukuya kwi-FI4 ezizezemali zibonisa iziphumo zokuba ixabiso lokuthenga (FI1) kunye neendleko zokugcina (FI4) zinefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinjongo yezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo kwixabiso lokuthenga (0.00) lixhasa iHypothesis 12, ixabiso lokuthenga linefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinjongo zokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane.Ixabiso loqikelelo lwexabiso lokuthenga ngu-0.348, uphawu olululo luthetha ukuba okukhona kufanelekileyo ixabiso lokuthengwa kwesithuthuthu sombane komnye umntu, kokukhona kuphakama injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo leendleko zebhetri (0.355) alixhasi iHypothesis 13, iindleko zebhetri azichaphazeli injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokuhlawula iindleko (0.109) alixhasi i-Hypothesis 14, ukutshaja indleko akunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo lweendleko zokutshaja ngu-0.136, uphawu olululo luthetha ukuba okukhona kufanelekileyo iindleko zokutshaja isithuthuthu sombane komnye umntu, inyusa injongo yokufumana isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo leendleko zolondolozo (i-0.017) ayixhasi iHypothesis 15, iindleko zolondolozo zinefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo lweendleko zolondolozo yi-0.193, uphawu oluchazayo luthetha ukuba okukhona kufanelekileyo iindleko zolondolozo lwezithuthuthu zombane komnye umntu, kokukhona kuphakama injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Iziphumo zohlalutyo lokuhlengahlengiswa kokuguquguqukayo kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ze-TE1 ukuya kwi-TE5 ezizezobuchwephesha zibonisa iziphumo zokuba ixesha lokutshaja ibhetri (TE3) linefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokukwazi ukuhamba nge-mileage (0.107) alixhasi i-Hypothesis 16, amandla e-mileage ayinampembelelo ebalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo lobude beemayile ngu-0.146, uphawu oluqinisekileyo luthetha ukuba kokukhona kufanelekileyo eyona mileage iphezulu yesithuthuthu sombane komnye umntu, inyusa injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lamandla azimeleyo aguqukayo okanye isantya esiphezulu (0.052) ayixhasi iHypothesis 17, isantya esiphezulu asinampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso le-esimate yamandla okanye isantya esiphezulu ngu-0.167, uphawu olululo luthetha ukuba okona kufanelekileyo isantya esiphezulu sesithuthuthu sombane kumntu, inyusa injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokutshaja ixesha (0.004) lixhasa iHypothesis 18, ixesha lokutshaja linefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo zokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lokutshaja li-0.240, uphawu olululo luthetha ukuba isantya esifanelekileyo sesithuthuthu sombane komnye umntu, inyusa injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokhuseleko (0.962) alixhasi iHypothesis 19, ukhuseleko aluchaphazeli injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo lokhuseleko -0.005, uphawu olubi luthetha ukuba okona kukhuselekileyo umntu uziva esebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane, isezantsi injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lobomi bebhetri (0.424) alilixhasi iHypothesis 20, ubomi bebhetri abunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo lobomi bebhetri ngu-0,068, uphawu olululo luthetha ukuba ixesha elifanelekileyo lobomi bebhetri yesithuthuthu sombane, inyusa injongo yokufumana isithuthuthu sombane. Iziphumo zohlalutyo lokuhlengahlengiswa kwezinto kwi-ML1 ukuya kwi-ML7 eyeyamanqanaba amanqanaba amakhulu zibonisa iziphumo zokutshaja kuphela kwindawo yokusebenzela (ML2), ukubiza ukufumaneka kwindawo yokuhlala (ML3), kunye nokutshaja umgaqo-nkqubo wezaphulelo (ML7) ezinefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo zokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokufumaneka kokutshaja kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke (0.254) ayixhasi iHypothesis 21, ukutshaja ukufumaneka kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke akunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokufumaneka kokutshaja kwindawo yokusebenzela (0.007) ixhasa iHypothesis 22, ukutshaja ukufumaneka emsebenzini kunesiphumo esibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokufumaneka kwempahla ekhaya (0.009) ixhasa iHypothesis 22, ukufumaneka kokutshaja ekhaya kunefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokufumaneka kweendawo zeenkonzo (0.181) ayixhasi iHypothesis 24, ukubakho kweendawo zenkonzo akunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo wokuthenga (0.017) uxhasa iHypothesis 25, umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo wokuthenga unefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yonyaka (0.672) ayixhasi iHypothesis 26, umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo werhafu yonyaka awunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlawula iindleko (0.00) uxhasa i-Hypothesis 27, umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo wexabiso lokukhutshelwa kweendleko unefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ngokweziphumo ezivela kwinqanaba le-macro, ukwamkelwa kwesithuthuthu sombane kunokufezekiswa ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja kwindawo yokusebenzela, isitishi sokutshaja kwindawo yokuhlala, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlawulisa iindleko ukulungele ukufumana abathengi. Ngokubanzi, isantya sokwabelana kwimidiya yoluntu, inqanaba lokwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo, amaxabiso okuthenga, iindleko zokugcina, isantya esiphezulu sezithuthuthu zombane, ixesha lokutshaja ibhetri, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zesikhululo sokutshaja emsebenzini, ubukho bamandla asekwe ekhaya-ukutshaja iziseko, UTAMI ET AL. / IPHEPHA LOKWENZIWA KWENKQUBO KWENKQUBO KWIMICIMBI - VOL. 19 HAYI. I-1 (2020) 70-81 INGXELO: 10.25077 / josi.v19.n1.p70-81.2020 Utami et al. Imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yokuthenga engama-77, kunye nokutshaja imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yexabiso kuchaphazela kakhulu injongo yokwamkela izithuthi zombane. Imodeli yokulinganisa kunye nokuSebenza okuNokwenzeka Umsebenzi olinganayo kukulingana kwempendulo "ongavumiyo kwaphela" ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane.  =  = + 27 1 01 (1 |) kg Y Xn   k Xik (3) I-equation 4 kukulingana kokukhetha impendulo "ongathandiyo" ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane.  =  = + 27 1 02 (2 |) kg Y Xn   k Xik (4) I-Equation 5 kukulingana kokukhetha impendulo "ukuthandabuza" ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane.  =  = + 27 1 03 (3 |) kg Y Xn   k Xik (5) I-Equation 6 sisilinganisi sempendulo yempendulo "ukulungele" ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane.  =  = + 27 1 04 (4 |) kg Y Xn   k Xik (6) Imisebenzi enokwenzeka yokwamkelwa kwabafundi izithuthuthu zombane eziboniswe kwi-Equation 7 ukuya kwi-Equation 11. I-Equation 7 yinto enokwenzeka ekukhetheni impendulo " ngokungathandi ”ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. eenng YX g YXP Xn PY Xn (1 |) (1 |) 1 1 () (1 |)   + = =  (7) I-equation 8 yinto enokwenzeka ekukhetheni impendulo "engafuni" ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. eeeennnng YX g YX g YX g YX nnnn PYXPYXPXPYX (1 |) (1 |) (2 |) (2 |) 2 1 1 (2 |) (1 |) () (2 |)     + - + = =  -  = = (8) Inxaki 9 ngumsebenzi osenokwenzeka ekukhetheni impendulo "ukuthandabuza" ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. eeeennnng YX g YX g YX g YX nnnn PYXPYXPXPYX (2 |) (2 |) (3 |) (3 |) 3 1 1 (3 |) (2 |) () (3 |)     + - + = =  -  = = (9) I-10 ngumsebenzi osenokwenzeka ekukhetheni impendulo "ovumayo" ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. eeeennnng YX g YX g YX g YX nnnn PYXPYXPXPYX (3 |) (3 |) (4 |) (4 |) 4 1 1 (4 |) (3 |) () (4 |)     + - + = =  -  = = (10) I-11 ngumsebenzi osenokwenzeka ekukhetheni impendulo "ekuzimisele kakhulu" ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. eenng YX g YX nnn PYXPXPYX (4 |) (4 |) 5 1 1 1 (4 |) () (5 |)   + = - = -  = = (11) Ukwamkelwa kweNjongo yoLwamkelo isetyenziswe kwisampulu yeempendulo zabaphenduli. Itheyibhile 8 ibonisa iimpawu kunye neempendulo zesampulu. Ke amathuba okuphendula ikhrayitheriya nganye kuguqulelo oluxhomekeke kubalwa ngokusekwe kwi-Equation 7 - 11. Isampulu yabaphenduli abaneempendulo njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 7 banamathuba okuba babe yi-0.0013 ngokungafuni ngamandla ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane, ukubakho kwe-0.0114 ukungafuni ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane, amathuba okuba u-0.1788 uthandabuze ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane, ukubakho kwe-0.563 ukukulungela ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane, kunye ne-0.2455 yokuzimisela ngamandla ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane. Ukwamkelwa kwesithuthuthu sombane sabaphenduli abayi-1,223 kwabalwa kwaye ixabiso eliphakathi lokufumana iimpendulo zokungafuni ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane yayingu-0.0031, ukungafuni ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane kwakuyi-0.0198, ukuthandabuza ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane yayingu-0.1482, ukulungele ukusebenzisa i isithuthuthu sombane sasingu-0.3410, kwaye sizimisele ngamandla ukusebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane sasingu-0.4880. Ukuba amathuba okuzimisela nokuzimisela ngamandla aphelele, amathuba okuba abantu base-Indonesia bafumane izithuthuthu zombane afike kuma-82.90%. Iingcebiso zaBenzi kunye naBenzi beMigaqo-nkqubo kuhlalutyo lwendlela yokulungiswa kwezinto, ubuninzi bokwabelana kumajelo eendaba loluntu yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ukubaluleka kweendaba zosasazo njengeqonga loluntu lokufumana ulwazi malunga nezithuthuthu zombane kuya kuba nefuthe ekuvumeni ukwamkela izithuthuthu zombane. Urhulumente noosomashishini banokuzama ukusebenzisa obu buncwane, umzekelo, oosomashishini banokwenza unyuselo ngeebhonasi okanye umbulelo kubathengi abathenga izithuthuthu zombane kwaye babelana ngezinto ezilungileyo ezinxulumene nezithuthuthu zombane kwimidiya yabo yoluntu. Ngale ndlela kunokukhuthaza abanye ukuba babe ngabasebenzisi abatsha besithuthuthu sombane. Urhulumente anganxibelelana okanye azise izithuthuthu zombane eluntwini esebenzisa amajelo asekuhlaleni ukukhuthaza ukutshintsha koluntu ukusuka kwisithuthuthu esiqhelekileyo ukuya kwisithuthuthu sombane. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba ibaluleke kangakanani impembelelo yamanqanaba emacro ekwamkelweni kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Kuhlalutyo lokuhlengahlengiswa kwezinto, ukuhlawulwa kweziseko zophuhliso kwindawo yokusebenza, ukutshaja ukufumaneka kweziseko zoncedo ekhaya, umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo wokuthenga, kunye nesaphulelo sendleko yokutshaja zichaphazela kakhulu injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. UTAMI ET AL. / I-OPTIMASI SISTEM INDUSTRI YOMTHETHO-VOL. 19 HAYI. 1 (2020) 70-81 78 Utami okqhubekayo. I-DOI: 10.25077 / josi.v19.n1.p70-81.2020 Itheyibhile 7. Abaphenduli beSampula abaPhendulayo iVenkile yeKhowudi yokuPhendula kwiXabiso loMtshato. X1b 2 Age 31-45 X2 2 Isini eyindoda X3a 1 Inqanaba lokugqibela leMfundo Master X4 4 Umsebenzi Abasebenzi babucala X5c 3 ngenyanga inqanaba lokusetyenziswa Rp2.000.000-5.999.999 X6 2 Inqanaba lomvuzo wenyanga Rp. 6.000.000-9.999.999 X7 3 Inani lobunini bezithuthuthu ≥ 2 X8 3 Ukuphindaphindwa kokwabelana kumajelo osasazo amatyeli aliqela / ngenyanga X9 4 Ubungakanani benethiwekhi yentanethi ye-intanethi abantu abayi-100-500 X10 2 Ukwazisa ngendalo 1 X11 1 Harga beli 3 X12 3 Iindleko zebhetri 3 X13 3 Iindleko zokutshaja 3 X13 3 Iindleko zolondolozo 5 X14 5 Amandla emayile 4 X15 4 Amandla 5 X16 5 Ixesha lokutshaja 4 X17 4 Ukhuseleko 5 X18 5 Ubomi bebhetri 4 X19 4 Ukufumaneka kwesikhululo sokutshaja kwiindawo zikawonkewonke 4 X20 4 Ukufumaneka kwesikhululo sokutshaja emsebenzini 4 X21 4 Ukufumaneka kwesikhululo sokutshaja ekhaya 4 X22 4 Ukufumaneka kweendawo zoncedo 2 X23 2 Umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo yokuthenga amandla 5 X14 5 Amandla 4 X15 4 Ixesha lokutshaja 5 X16 5 Uninzi lwabaphenduli luthatha njengokubiza izibonelelo zesikhululo sokutshaja ekhaya, kwiindawo zokusebenzela nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke njengempembelelo ebonakalayo ekwamkelweni kwezithuthuthu zombane. Urhulumente angalungiselela ukufakelwa kwezibonelelo zezikhululo zokutshaja kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ukuxhasa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane. Urhulumente angasebenza kunye necandelo loshishino ukufezekisa oku. Ekwakheni izikhombisi-zenqanaba le-macro, olu phando lucebisa ngeendlela ezininzi zomgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo. Eyona migaqo-nkqubo ibalulekileyo yenkuthazo ngokophando yimigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yokuthenga kunye nokutshaja imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yexabiso enokuqwalaselwa ngurhulumente ukuxhasa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Kwimeko yezemali, ixabiso lokuthenga linefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo zokuthenga isithuthuthu sombane. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba inkuthazo yenkxaso-mali yokuthenga ikwachaphazele kanobom injongo yokwamkelwa komntwana. Ixabiso elincinci lokugcina izithuthuthu zombane kunezo zithuthuthu ziqhelekileyo zinefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane. Ke ngoko ukubakho kweenkonzo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi kuya kukhuthaza ngakumbi injongo yokwamkela izithuthuthu zombane kuba uninzi lwabasebenzisi abazazi izinto ezikwizithuthuthu zombane ngoko ke bafuna amagcisa anobuchule ukuba kukho umonakalo othile. Ukusebenza kwezithuthuthu zombane kudibene neemfuno zabathengi ukuhlangabezana nokuhamba kwabo kwemihla ngemihla. Isantya esiphezulu sesithuthuthu sombane kunye nexesha lokutshaja ziyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho efunwa ngabathengi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza okungcono kwesithuthuthu njengokunyuka kokhuseleko, ubomi bebhetri, kunye nokuqhubeka kwemayile ngokuqinisekileyo kuyonyusa injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ukongeza kutyalo-mali lwetekhnoloji, urhulumente kunye namashishini kufuneka aphucule inkqubo yokuvavanywa kokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwizithuthuthu zombane ukwandisa ukuthembana koluntu. Kumashishini, ukukhuthaza umgangatho kunye nokusebenza yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunyusa umdla wabathengi kwizithuthuthu zombane. Abathengi abancinci kwaye banenqanaba eliphezulu lemfundo banokujoliswa njengabamkeli bokuqala ukuba babe nefuthe kuba sele benesimo sengqondo sethemba ngakumbi kwaye benenethiwekhi ebanzi. Ulwahlulo lwentengiso lunokufezekiswa ngokusungula iimodeli ezithile zabathengi ekujoliswe kubo. Ukongeza, abaphenduli abanolwazi oluphezulu ngokusingqongileyo babenamathuba okuba bafune ukwamkela izithuthuthu. UTAMI ET AL. / IPHEPHA LOKWENZIWA KWENKQUBO KWENKQUBO KWIMICIMBI - VOL. 19 HAYI. I-1 (2020) 70-81 INGXELO: 10.25077 / josi.v19.n1.p70-81.2020 Utami et al. 79 IZIPHUMO Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwizithuthuthu eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwizithuthuthu zombane kunokuba sesona sisombululo sisiso sokoyisa ingxaki yamanqanaba aphezulu e-CO2 e-Indonesia. Urhulumente wase-Indonesia naye waqonda kwaye ungenelele ngokubeka imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo ngokubhekisele kwizithuthi zombane eIndonesia. Kodwa enyanisweni, ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane e-Indonesia kusekwinqanaba lokuqala kakhulu kude lee neethagethi ezibekwe ngurhulumente. Imeko engqongileyo ayikuxhasi ukwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane ezinje ngokungabikho kwemigaqo eneenkcukacha kunye nokusilela kweziseko zophuhliso ezibangela ukwamkelwa okuphantsi kwezithuthi zombane eIndonesia. Olu phando luhlolisise abaphenduli abali-1,223 abasuka kumaphondo ali-10 abebenama-80% ewonke othengiso lokuthengiswa kwezithuthuthu eIndonesia ukukhangela izinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela iinjongo zokwamkela izithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia kwaye bafumanise imisebenzi enokwenzeka. Nangona uninzi lwabaphendulayo bathanda izithuthuthu zombane kwaye bafuna ukuba nesithuthuthu sombane kwixesha elizayo, umdla wabo wokufumana isithuthuthu sombane kule mihla uphantsi. Abaphenduli abafuni ukusebenzisa izithuthuthu zombane ngeli xesha ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokusilela kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Uninzi lwabaphenduli banesimo sengqondo sokulinda nokujonga ukwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane, ngezinto zezemali, izinto zetekhnoloji, kunye namanqanaba amakhulu ekufuneka elandele iimfuno zabathengi. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba lubaluleke kangakanani ixesha lokwabelana kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo, inqanaba lokwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo, amaxabiso okuthenga, iindleko zokugcina, isantya esiphezulu sezithuthuthu zombane, ixesha lokutshaja ibhetri, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zesikhululo sokutshaja emsebenzini, ubukho beziseko zophuhliso ekhaya, ukuthenga imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo, kunye nokutshaja imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yexabiso kuxhasa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Urhulumente kufuneka axhase ubonelelo lwezixhobo ezibiza izikhululo kunye nokwenza umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo ukukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Izinto zetekhnoloji ezinje nge-mileage kunye nobomi bebhetri kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngabavelisi ukuba ziphuculwe ukuxhasa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane. Imiba yezemali enje ngamaxabiso okuthenga kunye neendleko zebhetri kufuneka zibe yinkxalabo kumashishini nakurhulumente. Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwenethiwekhi kufuneka kuthathwe ukwazisa ngesithuthuthu sombane eluntwini. Uluntu olusebancinci lunokukhuthaza njengabamkeli bokuqala kuba banenethiwekhi ebanzi yemidiya yoluntu. Ukufezekiswa kokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane e-Indonesia kufuna ukulungela izakhiwo kunye neendleko ezinokwamkelwa ngabathengi. Oku kube nakho ukuphunyezwa ngurhulumente ngokuzibophelela okuqinileyo kukarhulumente kumazwe aliqela aphumeleleyo endaweni yezithuthi eziqhelekileyo. 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I-64, iphepha 14-31, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.02.019. [39] UDW Hosmer no S. Lemeshow, "Ukusetyenziswa koLungiso loLungiso. UHlelo lwesiBini ”, ENew York: UJohn Willey kunye noonyana, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471722146. NOMENCLATURE j iindidi eziguquguqukayo ezixhomekekileyo (j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) k iindidi ezizimeleyo eziguquguqukayo (k = 1, 2, 3,…, m) i umgangatho ozimeleyo ozimeleyo oguquguqukayo n ngokulandelelana kwabaphenduli -0j bamba impendulo nganye yokuxhomekeka iXk eguquguqukayo yenani elizimeleyo eliguqukayo iXik quanlitative elizimeleyo eliguqukayo Y elixhomekeke kwi-Pj (Xn) ithuba kudidi ngalunye lokwahluka ngokuzimeleyo kumphenduli ngamnye UMBHALI IBHAYIBHILE UMartha Widhi Dela Utami UMartha Widhi Dela Utami ngumfundi owenza isidanga kwiSebe lezoBunjineli boShishino eUniversitas Sebelas Maret. UkwiLebhu yenkqubo yoLungiselelo lwezoShishino. Umdla wakhe wophando kukulungiselela kunye nolawulo lwekhonkco lonikezo kunye nophando lwentengiso. Upapashe ukupapashwa kwakhe kokuqala malunga nohlalutyo lokuqonda abathengi kwezithuthi zombane e-Indonesia ngo-2019. Umdla wakhe wophando kukuthengisela, ukulinganisa, ukulinganisa intsebenzo kunye nentengiso yetekhnoloji. Uneempapasho ezalathiswa yiScopus, amanqaku angama-41 ane-4 H-index. I-imeyile yakhe yile yuniaristanto@ft.uns.ac.id. UWahyudi Sutopo Wahyudi Sutopo, ubambe isidanga sobunjineli (i-Ir) kwiNkqubo yoFundo lweNjineli enguNjineli- iUniversitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) ngo-2019. Ufumene ubuGqirha kwicandelo lobuNjineli boShishino nakuLawulo kwi-Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) e 2011, Master of Science in Management from Universitas Indonesia ngo-2004 kunye ne-Bachelor of Engineering kwi-Industrial Engineering esuka kwi-ITB ngo-1999. Umdla wakhe wophando kukunikezela ngeenkonzo, uqoqosho lobunjineli kunye nohlalutyo lweendleko, kunye nentengiso yetekhnoloji. Wafumana izibonelelo zophando ezingaphezu kwama-30. Uneempapasho ezalathiswa yiScopus, amanqaku ali-117 ane-7 H-index. I-imeyile yakhe wahyudisutopo@staff.uns.ac.id.Iziphumo zohlalutyo lokuhlengahlengiswa kokuguquguqukayo kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ze-TE1 ukuya kwi-TE5 ezizezobuchwephesha zibonisa iziphumo zokuba ixesha lokutshaja ibhetri (TE3) linefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokukwazi ukuhamba nge-mileage (0.107) alixhasi i-Hypothesis 16, amandla e-mileage ayinampembelelo ebalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo lobude beemayile ngu-0.146, uphawu oluqinisekileyo luthetha ukuba kokukhona kufanelekileyo eyona mileage iphezulu yesithuthuthu sombane komnye umntu, inyusa injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lamandla azimeleyo aguqukayo okanye isantya esiphezulu (0.052) ayixhasi iHypothesis 17, isantya esiphezulu asinampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso le-esimate yamandla okanye isantya esiphezulu ngu-0.167, uphawu olululo luthetha ukuba okona kufanelekileyo isantya esiphezulu sesithuthuthu sombane kumntu, inyusa injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokutshaja ixesha (0.004) lixhasa iHypothesis 18, ixesha lokutshaja linefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo zokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lokutshaja li-0.240, uphawu olululo luthetha ukuba isantya esifanelekileyo sesithuthuthu sombane komnye umntu, inyusa injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokhuseleko (0.962) alixhasi iHypothesis 19, ukhuseleko aluchaphazeli injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo lokhuseleko -0.005, uphawu olubi luthetha ukuba okona kukhuselekileyo umntu uziva esebenzisa isithuthuthu sombane, isezantsi injongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lobomi bebhetri (0.424) alilixhasi iHypothesis 20, ubomi bebhetri abunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso loqikelelo lobomi bebhetri ngu-0,068, uphawu olululo luthetha ukuba ixesha elifanelekileyo lobomi bebhetri yesithuthuthu sombane, inyusa injongo yokufumana isithuthuthu sombane. Iziphumo zohlalutyo lokuhlengahlengiswa kwezinto kwi-ML1 ukuya kwi-ML7 eyeyamanqanaba amanqanaba amakhulu zibonisa iziphumo zokutshaja kuphela kwindawo yokusebenzela (ML2), ukubiza ukufumaneka kwindawo yokuhlala (ML3), kunye nokutshaja umgaqo-nkqubo wezaphulelo (ML7) ezinefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo zokwamkelwa kwezithuthuthu zombane eIndonesia. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokufumaneka kokutshaja kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke (0.254) ayixhasi iHypothesis 21, ukutshaja ukufumaneka kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke akunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokufumaneka kokutshaja kwindawo yokusebenzela (0.007) ixhasa iHypothesis 22, ukutshaja ukufumaneka emsebenzini kunesiphumo esibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokufumaneka kwempahla ekhaya (0.009) ixhasa iHypothesis 22, ukufumaneka kokutshaja ekhaya kunefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lokufumaneka kweendawo zeenkonzo (0.181) ayixhasi iHypothesis 24, ukubakho kweendawo zenkonzo akunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo wokuthenga (0.017) uxhasa iHypothesis 25, umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo wokuthenga unefuthe elibonakalayo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yonyaka (0.672) ayixhasi iHypothesis 26, umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo werhafu yonyaka awunampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlawula iindleko (0.00) uxhasa i-Hypothesis 27, umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo wexabiso lokukhutshelwa kweendleko unefuthe elibalulekileyo kwinjongo yokwamkela isithuthuthu sombane. Ngokweziphumo ezivela kwinqanaba le-macro, ukwamkelwa kwesithuthuthu sombane kunokufezekiswa ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja kwindawo yokusebenzela, isitishi sokutshaja kwindawo yokuhlala, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlawulisa iindleko ukulungele ukufumana abathengi. Ngokubanzi, isantya sokwabelana kwimidiya yoluntu, inqanaba lokwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo, amaxabiso okuthenga, iindleko zokugcina, isantya esiphezulu sezithuthuthu zombane, ixesha lokutshaja ibhetri, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zesikhululo sokutshaja emsebenzini, ubukho bamandla asekwe ekhaya-ukutshaja iziseko, UTAMI ET AL. / IPHEPHA LOKWENZIWA KWENKQUBO KWENKQUBO KWIMICIMBI - VOL. 19 HAYI. I-1 (2020) 70-81 INGXELO: 10.25077 / josi.v19.n1.p70-81.2020 Utami et al. Imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yokuthenga engama-77, kunye nokutshaja imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo yexabiso kuchaphazela kakhulu injongo yokwamkela izithuthi zombane. Imodeli yokulinganisa kunye nokuSebenza okuNokwenzeka Umsebenzi olinganayo kukulingana kwempendulo "ongavumiyo kwaphela" ukwamkela isithuthuthu sombane.  =  = + 27 1 01 (1 |) kg Y Xn   k X